ANALISIS YURIDIS TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL DAN LINGKUNGAN PADA SEKTOR PERTAMBANGAN MINERBA DI INDONESIA

Abstract

Indonesia possesses vast reserves of mineral and coal resources. However, a large-scale mining exploitation without regard for ecological balance often results in severe environmental damage, including ; Water pollution, Deforestation, and Land Degradation. This study analyzes the legal of Contemporary Business Law correlation between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) principles and The Triple Bottom Line (profit, people, planet) in the context of Indonesia’s mining governance. The collaboration of The Social Virtues Theory in Contemporary Business Law is expected to gain Capital Trust among companies, communities and government. Using a normative juridical approach, the research examines Law No. 3 of 2020 on Mineral and Coal Mining, Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, and Law No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies. The findings indicate that although social and environmental responsibilities are legally mandated, The Administrative Penal Law enforcement and monitoring still remain weak. Implementing the Triple Bottom Line should be understood not merely as an administrative obligation but also as a moral foundation of business rooted in social capital values as proposed by Fukuyama and Putnam