EFEKTIVITAS PENGATURAN HUKUM DALAM PENCEGAHAN TINDAK PIDANA PEMALSUAN DOKUMEN DI INDONESIA

Abstract

The crime of document falsification is a type of crime that can disrupt legal certainty, potentially harm the public, and reduce trust in various administrative systems and public services. Advances in information technology have also expanded the methods of falsification, not only limited to physical documents but also electronic documents. This study aims to analyze the legal regulations related to the crime of document falsification based on Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP) and evaluate the effectiveness of these regulations in preventing document falsification in Indonesia. The method used in this study is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The legal materials analyzed include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that were evaluated qualitatively through a literature review. The research findings indicate that the new Criminal Code has regulated the crime of document falsification more comprehensively through Articles 391 to 400, including expanding the definition of letters to include electronic documents. This regulation is also supported by the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, which regulates document falsification in electronic format. Normatively, existing legal arrangements have created a strong legal basis for preventing and prosecuting document forgery. However, in practice, their effectiveness still faces various challenges, such as weak administrative oversight, low legal awareness among the public, limited ability of authorities to verify digital evidence, and technological advances that facilitate document forgery. Therefore, it is urgently needed to improve the document verification system, strengthen digital forensic capacity, and optimize law enforcement to increase the effectiveness of preventing document forgery crimes in Indonesia.