TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM PEJABAT PUBLIK ATAS KERUGIAN NEGARA DALAM PERSPEKTIF LITIGASI KENEGARAAN DAN DOKTRIN STATE LIABILITY

Abstract

State financial losses caused by public officials represent a complex legal issue involving administrative authority, personal liability, and institutional responsibility of the state. This study analyzes the legal construction of public officials' liability for state financial losses from the perspective of state litigation. The research employs a normative legal method with conceptual and comparative law approaches. The findings indicate that public officials' accountability has evolved from the doctrine of sovereign immunity to the principle of state liability, which recognizes the state as a legal subject accountable for damages caused by its officials' administrative actions. State litigation serves as a control mechanism to prevent abuse of power and to protect public finances. The study emphasizes the urgency of harmonizing administrative, civil, and criminal law frameworks in determining the limits of public officials' legal responsibility to achieve fair legal certainty.