DISPARITAS PUTUSAN DALAM SENGKETA WANPRESTASI PERJANJIAN DISTRIBUSI DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETIDAKPASTIAN HUKUM: STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 555 K/PDT/2025

Abstract

This study examines disparities in court decisions in breach of contract disputes arising from distribution agreements and their implications for legal certainty, focusing on Decision Number 68/Pdt.G/2023/PN Btl and Decision Number 555 K/Pdt/2025. The background of this research is based on the existence of differing rulings in cases with similar facts and legal grounds, reflecting inconsistency in the application of contract law. The objective of this study is to anaIyze judges’ legal reasoning in determining breach of contract and to assess the impact of such disparities on legal certainty. This research empIoys a normative juridicaI method using statutorIy and case approaches. The findings reveal that disparities arise from differences in interpretative methods adopted by judges, where the first-instance court applied a textual approach emphasizing formal certainty, while the Supreme Court adopted a substantive approach by considering the principIes of good faith and fairness. This divergence results in ambiguity in defining the boundaries of breach of contract, particularly concerning implied obligations within agreements. The implications include reduced legal certainty, disruption of predictability in contractual relationships, and diminished trust in the judiciary. Therefore, strengthening contract interpretation guidelines and ensuring consistency in jurisprudence are necessary to achieve legal certainty while maintaining substantive justice.