CASE REPORT: CARA MENDIAGNOSIS DEMENSIA ALZHEIMER DENGAN KRITERIA DSM-V

Abstract

Dementia is an umbrella term that encompasses a range of common symptoms, including memory impairments, language difficulties, challenges with problem-solving, and other cognitive functions. Alzheimer's Dementia, often known as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterised by the presence of aberrant proteins called beta-amyloid and phosphorylated tau, as well as the destruction of nerve cells in the brain. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the predominant aetiology of dementia. The process of assessing people with probable dementia involves gathering detailed medical history from both the patient and their family, conducting a thorough neurological physical examination, utilising dementia screening instruments, and performing imaging tests. The most prevalent evaluations are the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Dementia must be distinguished from various other reversible conditions, like delirium, illness, vitamin B12 insufficiency, and so on. The diagnostic criteria adhere to the guidelines outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V). Dementia management employs both non-pharmacological and pharmaceutical approaches, specifically acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, as well as supportive treatment for anxiety and depression. Additionally, daily assistance with activities of daily living (ADL) is provided if necessary